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KMID : 0379520230390010157
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한국독성학회지
2023 Volume.39 No. 1 p.157 ~ p.167
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The effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to titanium nitride on lungs of Sprague?Dawley rats
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Kim Yong-Soon
Cho Eun-Sang
Park Chan-Hyuck
Cha Hyo-Geun
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Abstract
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Titanium nitride (TiN) is a ceramic material with physical properties such as extreme hardness, high decomposition temperature, defect structure, and gold-yellow color. TiN is generally considered non-toxic and safe; however, hazards have not been identified, especially in workers after inhalation exposure. Here, we conducted a four-week inhalation toxicity study of TiN using a nose-only inhalation exposure system in Sprague?Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to TiN for 4 weeks (6 h a day, 5 days per week) at target concentrations of 45, 90, and 180 mg/m3. Clinical signs, mean body weight changes, hematology, blood biochemistry, necropsy, organ weight, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, and histopathological findings were observed. Analytical concentrations of the low, middle, and high-concentration groups were 45.55?±?3.18 mg/m3, 90.69?±?7.30 mg/m3, and 183.87?±?15.21 mg/m3, respectively. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) for the low, middle, and high-concentration groups were 1.44?±?0.07 μm, 1.47?±?0.18 μm, and 1.68?±?0.16 μm, and the geometric standard deviation (GSD) was 2.24?±?0.03, 2.31?±?0.16, and 2.43?±?0.11, respectively. No systemic adverse effects were observed after inhalation exposure to TiN; however, histopathological findings (increased phagocytic macrophages and alveolar/bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia) and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) analysis (elevated lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase values) showed adverse effects on the lungs in the middle and high-concentration groups. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) is suggested to be 45 mg/m3.
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KEYWORD
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Titanium nitride, Inhalation toxicity study, No-observed-adverse-concentration level, Lowest observed adverse effect concentration level, Occupational exposure
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